Adenovirus vector vaccines

Recently, importance of vaccines for treatment and prevention of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases has been re-recognized. A replication-incompetent adenovirus（Ad） vector vaccine expressing virus antigen proteins is one of the most advanced platforms as a novel vaccine because an Ad vector vaccine can be rapidly applicable to pandemic. In this review, we describe the basic properties of an Ad vector for vaccine, in addition to the summary of the development of an Ad vector vaccine for emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, including Coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）, worldwide.Alternate :抄録非増殖型アデノウイルスベクターは、in vivoへの直接投与において優れた遺伝子導入活性を示すことから、病原体由来の抗原タンパク質を発現させることにより、新興・再興感染症に対するワクチンベクターとして積極的な開発が進められてきた。最近では、新型コロナウイルス感染症（COVID-19）に対するワクチンとして、欧米中露において迅速な実用化がなされた。本稿では、アデノウイルスベクターの特性、COVID-19に対するアデノウイルスベクターワクチンの特徴、およびアデノウイルスベクターワクチンの可能性について解説する。

Adenovirus vector-based vaccine for infectious diseases.

Replication-incompetent adenovirus (Ad) vectors have been widely used as gene delivery vehicles in both gene therapy studies and basic studies for gene function analysis due to their highly advantageous properties, which include high transduction efficiencies, relatively large capacities for transgenes, and high titer production. In addition, Ad vectors induce moderate levels of innate immunity and have relatively high thermostability, making them very attractive as potential vaccine vectors. Accordingly, it is anticipated that Ad vectors will be used in vaccines for the prevention of infectious diseases, including Ebola virus disease and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Much attention is currently focused on the potential use of an Ad vector vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this review, we describe the basic properties of an Ad vector, Ad vector-induced innate immunity and immune responses to Ad vector-produced transgene products. Development of novel Ad vectors which can overcome the drawbacks of conventional Ad vector vaccines and clinical application of Ad vector vaccines to several infectious diseases are also discussed.